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ASEAN Member States

BruneiBrunei Darussalam
  • FlagThe flag of Negara Brunei Darussalam has been in use since 1906 when Brunei became a British protectorate, following the signing of an agreement between Brunei and Great Britain. The flag has a yellow background cut by black and white diagonal stripes from the top left to the bottom right corners. The colors yellow, white, and black represent the signatories of the agreement, who are the Sultan of Brunei, Pengiran Bendahara and Pengiran Pemancha, respectively. The emblem was superimposed in the center of the flag in 1959, after the promulgation of the Constitution, finalizing the flag that is being used until present.
  • FlagThe flag and the Royal umbrella placed at the top of the emblem represents the Sultan of Brunei, its national leader. The four feathers on the wings symbolize protection of justice, tranquility, prosperity and peace. On the sides, the upturned hands indicate the government's duty to promote the welfare, peace, and prosperity of the people. The crescent is a symbol of Islam, the state religion of Brunei. The lettering inscribed inside the crescent reads "Always render service with God's guidance.” The banner on the lowest part of the emblem reads the state's name "Negara Brunei Darussalam," literally translated to “Brunei, the Abode of Peace.”
수도 : 반다르스리브가완(Bandar Seri Begawan)
Capital
  • Bandar Seri Begawan (※ Used to be called "Brunei Town" before it was named after "Seri Begawan," a part of the royal title of a Sultan of Brunei in 1970. Bandar refers to "town," and Seri Begawan refers to "aura of the gods.")
  • Population440,000
    (2018; IMF)
  • Area5,765 ㎢
    (1/2 of
    Gyeonggi-do Province)
  • Time zoneGMT+8
  • Official nameNegara Brunei Darussalam
    ※ Literal translation: "Abode of Peace"
  • LocationLies on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo. The land is divided into two by the Malaysian state of Sarawak (4°2'-5°3' north latitude, 114°4'-115°2' east longitude)
  • Climate Tropical climate with high temperature and humidity
    • Average max. temperature: 34°C
    • Average min. temperature: 22°C
    • Average annual rainfall: 3,300 mm
  • Ethnic groupsMalay 65%, Chinese 11%, Others 24% (2017, Brunei Economic Development Board)
  • Religion(s)Muslim (freedom of religion is guaranteed, but propagation is prohibited)
  • Language(s)Malay (official language), English
Area
5,765 ㎢ (1/2 of Gyeonggi-do Province)
  • Farmland: 5%, forest (tropical forest): 80.6%
  • The country is divided into four districts, consisting of Brunei-Muara, Belait, Tutong and Temburong.
Timeline
BruneiBrunei Darussalam
  • 1405Foundation of the Sultanate of Brunei Possessed a great part of the eastern region of Malaysia of today
  • 16th CenturyThe Golden Age of the Sultanate of Brunei Expanded influence to the northern part of the island of Borneo and the southern part of the Philippines
  • 17th CenturyThe Netherlands controlled the eastern and southern parts of the Borneo island
  • 18th and 19th CenturyThe British took control of the southern part of the Borneo Island
  • 1847Signed the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with the British Ceded most of the territory of the states of Sabah and Sarawak to the British, declined as a small nation
  • 1888Signed the "Treaty of Protection," becoming a British protected state
  • 1906Control of the British Resident
  • 1942Japanese occupation
  • 1959A new constitution written declaring Brunei a self-governing state Foreign affairs, security, and defence remained the responsibility of the United Kingdom
    ※ Dispatched a British High Commissioner
  • 1962Rebellion erupted for the inclusion in the Malaysian Federation Suppressed with the support of the United Kingdom Declaration of emergency (political dissolution and constitution suspension)
  • 1968Coronation of Hassanal Bolkiah as the 29th Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei (Aug. 1)
  • 1971Amendment of the treaty with the British, becoming a completely self-autonomous country
  • 1984Gained complete independence from the British (Jan. 1)
    Joined ASEAN (Jan. 7)
    Joined the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (Jan. 16)
    Joined the United Nations as the 159th member
  • 1989Joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • 1996Joined the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
  • 1998Sultan proclaimed Crown Prince and eldest son Al-Muhtadee Billah heir to the Bruneian throne
  • 2000Held the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting
  • 2001Held the ASEAN Summit and ASEAN Plus Three Summit
  • 2007Announced the Brunei Vision 2035
  • 2013Held the ASEAN Plus Three Summit
  • 2018Accepted the role as ASEAN-ROK dialogue coordinator
TIPUseful information
on the culture of Brunei Darussalam
Customs
  • Do not use your index finger to point a person or object. Instead, use your right fist with the thumb pointing up.
  • Crossing legs is considered impolite. Keep your feet flat on the floor when seated.
  • It is customary to bring your right hand to the chest after shaking hands, but it is not quite expected from foreigners. Brunei is an Islamic country, but Bruneians do not hug like the Arab world.
  • According to the doctrines of Islam, Muslims do not consume pork and alcoholic drinks. Chicken and beef may be consumed only when they are halal meat (meat slaughtered in a prescribed method per Islamic law).
  • Drinking alcoholic beverages in public areas is illegal. Liquors are sold to non-Muslim individual consumers.
Titles
  • Instead of using Mr. or Mrs. before a person's name, Titles Pengiran, Pehin, Dato given by the national Sultan and Haji, Awang are used.
  • Meanings of the titles
    Pengiran: Title given to the Royal Family or the firstborn of a powerful clan who participated in the supreme decision process of the Brunei Kingdom in the past.
    ※ Abbreviation: Pg
    Pehin: The highest title an ordinary person can get. They are usually used as Dato or Pehin Dato. Their wives are given the Datin title.
    ※ Those given the Pehin title receive a certain amount of pension from the government.
    Dato' (male); Datin (female): The first title a person who has been given a national merit receives. The wife of a Dato' is called Datin.
    Haji (male); Hajah (female): Refers to people who had successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca. Muslims consider this very proud, so even when they are given another title, they would use it together with this title.
    ※ Abbreviation: Hj (male), Hjh (female) Other titles include Awang (male) and Dayang (female) given to ordinary people.
  • People who are given a title would often combine it with another title given by the national Sultan.
    Paduka, Seri, Orang Kaya, Di-Gadong, etc.
  • bin (male) and binte (female) that come in between names indicate that the person is the child of the father whose name comes after the aforementioned titles.
    Example: Pg Hj Mashor bin Pg Hj Ahmad (Father Ahmad's son Mashor)
    ※ Abbreviation: bin-b, binte-bte
  • The father's name comes after the given name, so Malay households do not have a permanent surname. They do not have the culture of females using their spouse’s names after they get married.